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Search over 100 000 latin words.

Top 100 Latin language words

philtrum, philtri N (2nd) N

love-potion;

1502

cupita, cupitae N (1st) F

beloved, loved one;

1501

amatus, amata, amatum ADJ

loved, beloved;

1500

amasco, amascere, -, - V (3rd) INTRANS

begin to love;

1500

adamator, adamatoris N (3rd) M

lover;

1500

zinzio, zinziare, -, - V (1st)

zinzie; (expressing the sound made by a blackbird);

1004

wadiator, wadiatoris N (3rd) M

executor of will;

1002

vulticulus, vulticuli N (2nd) M

look, aspect;

1002

abjudico, abjudicare, abjudicavi, abjudicatus V (1st) TRANS

deprive by judicial verdict; give judgment against; reject; deny an oath;

1002

zoophorus, zoophori N (2nd) M

column-frieze;

1001

zodiacus, zodiaci N (2nd) M

zodiac;

1001

zelus, zeli N (2nd) M

jealousy; spirit of rivalry/emulation, partisanship; zeal (L+S); fervor;

1001

zai, undeclined N N

zayin; (7th letter of Hebrew alphabet); (transliterate as Z);

1001

vultis V 6 2 PRES ACTIVE IND 2 P

be willing; wish;

1001

vult V 6 2 PRES ACTIVE IND 3 S

be willing; wish;

1001

volupe ADV

with pleasure; pleasurably; [~ esse => be a source of pleasure (early)];

1001

virguncula, virgunculae N (1st) F

little girl;

1001

virgo, virginis N (3rd) F

maiden, young woman, girl of marriageable age; virgin, woman sexually intact;

1001

virginius, virginia, virginium ADJ

virgin; of/appropriate for/haunted by marriageable age girls; unworked (land);

1001

virginia, virginiae N (1st) M

husband of virgin bride; first husband of girl/virgin;

1001

vir, viri N (2nd) M

man; husband; hero; person of courage, honor, and nobility;

1001

simia, simiae N (1st) C

monkey; ape; (applied to men as term of abuse);

1001

secundum, secundi N (2nd) N

good luck/fortune (pl.), success; favorable circumstances;

1001

saeclum, saecli N (2nd) N

age; generation, people born at a time; breed, race; present time/age; century;

1001

sacristanus, sacristani N (2nd) M

sacristan (one charged with books/treasury of church/monastery); vestryman;

1001

sacerdotialis, sacerdotialis, sacerdotiale ADJ

priestly, connected with priests or priesthood;

1001

proventus, proventus N (4th) M

outcome, result; success;

1001

postnatus, postnati N (2nd) M

eldest son;

1001

philargyros, philargyros, philargyron ADJ

fond of money;

1001

philargyria, philargyriae N (1st) F

love of money; (Erasmus);

1001

pecunia, pecuniae N (1st) F

money; property;

1001

parens, parentis N (3rd) C

parent, father, mother;

1001

oblectamen, oblectaminis N (3rd) N

delight, pleasure, source of pleasure;

1001

nummus, nummi N (2nd) M

coin; cash; money; sesterce;

1001

nummatus, nummata, nummatum ADJ

moneyed;

1001

nummarius, nummaria, nummarium ADJ

of/belonging to money; bribed with money, venal;

1001

nauticus, nautica, nauticum ADJ

nautical, naval;

1001

naulum, nauli N (2nd) N

fare, passage money;

1001

mulcta, mulctae N (1st) F

fine; penalty; penalty involving property (livestock, later money);

1001

monetarius, monetarii N (2nd) M

master of mint; minter/coiner; money-dealer;

1001

moneta, monetae N (1st) F

money/coinage; die on which coin is struck, stamp; mint, temple striking coins;

1001

molta, moltae N (1st) F

fine; penalty; penalty involving property (livestock, later money);

1001

mensarius, mensari(i) N (2nd) M

money-changer, banker; treasury official;

1001

lupinum, lupini N (2nd) N

lupin; fake money;

1001

lucar, lucaris N (3rd) N

money set for public entertainment; sacred grove; forest tax (for actors L+S);

1001

lacticinium, lacticinii N (2nd) N

milk-food, food prepared w/milk; dish prepared w/milk and eggs (pl.);

1001

juba, jubae N (1st) F

mane of a horse; crest (of a helmet);

1001

Jerusalem, undeclined N N

Jerusalem (Hebrew);

1001

inaestimabilis, inaestimabilis, inaestimabile ADJ

priceless, beyond all price; inestimable; not to be reckoned in money;

1001

haereditas, haereditatis N (3rd) F

inheritance, possession; hereditary succession; generation; heirship;

1001

genetrix, genetricis N (3rd) F

mother, ancestress;

1001

gener, generi N (2nd) M

son-in-law;

1001

fruniscor, frunisci, frunitus sum V (3rd) DEP

enjoy; have the pleasure of;

1001

fortunatus, fortunata -um, fortunatior -or -us, fortunatissimus -a -um ADJ

lucky, fortunate; rich, wealthy; happy; blessed;

1001

fors, fortis N (3rd) F

chance; luck, fortune; accident;

1001

fiscus, fisci N (2nd) M

money-bag, purse; imperial exchequer;

1001

felix, felicis (gen.), felicior -or -us, felicissimus -a -um ADJ

happy; blessed; fertile; favorable; lucky; successful, fruitful;

1001

expensum, expensi N (2nd) N

expenditure, money paid out; expenses (Bee);

1001

dilectio, dilectionis N (3rd) F

love; delight, pleasure (Bee); goodwill;

1001

Deus, Dei N (2nd) M

God (Christian text); god; divine essence/being, supreme being; statue of god;

1001

deus N 2 1 VOC S M

god; God!: Oh God;

1001

delicius, delicii N (2nd) M

pleasure/delight/fun, activity affording enjoyment; curiosities of art;

1001

delicata, delicatae N (1st) F

paramour, favorite; voluptuary (L+S); one addicted to pleasure;

1001

Cupido, Cupidinis N (3rd) M

Cupid, son of Venus; personification of carnal desire;

1001

cnatus, cnati N (2nd) M

son; child; children (pl.);

1001

caccitus, caccitus N (4th) M

Sweetie; (used in reference to a beautiful boy); (rude?);

1001

azonus, azoni N (2nd) M

gods (pl.) who have no definite place in heaven;

1001

adoptatus, adoptati N (2nd) M

adopted son;

1001

absortus, absorta, absortum ADJ

overwhelmed, swallowed up/engulfed/submerged/absorbed; (= absorptus); engulfing;

1001

ablepsia, ablepsiae N (1st) F

blindness;

1001

ablacto, ablactare, ablactavi, ablactatus V (1st) INTRANS

wean;

1001

abinde ADV

from that source, thence;

1001

abico, abicere, -, - V (3rd) TRANS

humble; cast aside/away/off, reject;

1001

abhorride ADV

roughly, improperly; in an unfit manner;

1001

abdite ADV

secretly;

1001

abante PREP ABL

from before/in front of;

1001

a INTERJ

Ah!; (distress/regret/pity, appeal/entreaty, surprise/joy, objection/contempt);

1001

zythum, zythi N (2nd) N

malt-liquor (Pliny);

1000

zotheca, zothecae N (1st) F

private room;

1000

zoologicus, zoologica, zoologicum ADJ

zoological;

1000

zonula, zonulae N (1st) F

little belt; little girdle;

1000

zonarius, zonarii N (2nd) M

girdle-maker;

1000

zonarius, zonaria, zonarium ADJ

girdle-, of a girdle;

1000

zmegma, zmegmatis N (3rd) N

ointment; cleansing preparation; fine slag from copper melting;

1000

zmaragdos, zmaragdi N M

green precious stone, emerald; beryl, jasper;

1000

zmaragdites, zmaragdites, zmaragdites ADJ

emerald-like, having the nature of emeralds;

1000

zmaragdinus, zmaragdina, zmaragdinum ADJ

emerald-green;

1000

zmaragdachates, zmaragdachatae N F

precious stone (described as a variety of agate);

1000

zizyfum, zizyfi N (2nd) N

jujube plant (Pliny);

1000

ziziphum, ziziphi N (2nd) N

jujube plant (Pliny);

1000

zizanium, zizanii N (2nd) N

cockle, darnel, tares, wild vetch; (noxious weed in the grain);

1000

zizania, zizaniae N (1st) F

cockle, darnel, tares, wild vetch; (noxious weed in the grain);

1000

zio, undeclined N N

ziv, Hebrew name of ancient second month; (meaning splendor/flowering);

1000

zingiber, zingiberis N (3rd) N

ginger;

1000

zimmarra, zimmarrae N (1st) F

cassock w/small cape;

1000

zetarius, zetarii N (2nd) M

valet; chamberlain;

1000

zeta, zetae N (1st) F

room (house); cabin (ship); compartment (train); out building, annex; out house;

1000

zerum, zeri N (2nd) N

zero;

1000

zeroticus, zerotica, zeroticum ADJ

zero (adj.);

1000

Zephyrus, Zephyri N (2nd) M

Zephyr, the west wind;

1000

Scientist: 2025-04-28 09:02:22

A short history of the Latin language

Latin is the language of Ancient Rome, a state that occupied a vast territory. Rome's glory was made up of politicians and orators (Caesar, Cicero), poets (Virgil, Horace, Ovid), historians (Livy, Tacitus), and lawyers (Gaius, Paul, Ulpian, Papinian, Modestinus).

The Latin language got its name from the Latin tribe living in Italy, in Latium, where Rome was founded in 753 BC. Latin became the language of Rome and then the vast Roman Empire, stretching from Britain to Africa and from the Iberian Peninsula to Asia. This space was united not only by the power of Roman weapons but also by the power of Roman law and the Latin language. The Latin language spread throughout the Empire, especially in Western Europe.

After the fall of the Roman Empire in 476 AD, Latin did not cease to exist; it remained Europe's main written literary language in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, gradually giving way to new languages as spoken languages. The closest languages to Latin are Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Catalan, French, Romanian, and Rhaeto-Romance, which arose on its basis. These languages are called Romance languages. Romance languages, along with Latin, are part of the Indo-European family of languages, along with Slavic, Germanic, Baltic, and others. Thus, Latin is related to German, English, and Greek — they have a common ancestral language.

Latin is often called a "dead" language. This expression is not entirely correct. Latin is "dead" only because its "native speakers" have long since disappeared, that is, those for whom it would be a native language.

Why can't Latin be called "dead"?

Firstly, although Latin has lost its significance as the international language of scholars of all specialties that it had in the 18th century, its position as the language of scientific terminology remains unshakable in a number of scientific fields. This applies primarily to medicine, biology, linguistics, and law.

Since the 11th century, Roman law has become a pan-European science and the basis of modern private law systems. With it, Latin became a common language for lawyers throughout Europe. The school of glossators, which appeared in Italy, played a key role in spreading Roman law. Glossators taught law at the University of Bologna (founded in 1088), where instruction was conducted in Latin. Students returning to their homeland after their studies founded new universities where Latin became the language of instruction. Soon, all European universities taught in Latin. Until the 19th century, writing scientific papers in Latin was common.

The dominant position of Latin in science for many centuries led to the fact that all scientific concepts and phenomena received terminological fixation and definition in Latin. When the Latin works of the founders, the fathers of modern sciences, began to be translated into new languages, Latin terminology was preserved.

Secondly, Latin lives in its children - the Romance languages. Since they were formed as a result of mixing colloquial Latin with the languages of the peoples living on the territory of the Roman Empire, these languages demonstrate the greatest similarity to their ancestors, both in terms of grammar and vocabulary: their vocabulary contains more than 90% of words of Latin origin. Romance languages are spoken not only in Europe. Since the 15th century, Portugal, Spain, and France have extended their power and languages to other continents, and today almost two-thirds of Romance language speakers live outside Europe, primarily in Latin America.

A large layer of Latin vocabulary can be found in other European languages: English (Germanic group) contains up to 80% of words of Latin origin.

Thirdly, Latin is one of the sacred languages of the Bible. It was and remains the language of the Catholic Church, the official language of the Vatican. Until the 1960s of the 20th century, services in Catholic churches were conducted only in Latin.

Fourthly, the written and spoken Latin tradition has never been interrupted in Europe. Many books written in Latin have survived from all eras, from antiquity to the present day. These books are still available to readers today; they are stored in libraries, including electronic ones. Latin books, which have preserved the wisdom of many centuries, are the thread that allows the connection of times not to be broken, and the Latin language continues to perform the most important function of language today - communicative, facilitating communication between people of different countries and eras. Today, the practice of the so-called "living" Latin is actively developing: New Latin literature did not go into the past along with the Renaissance - today, there are writers and poets who create their works in Latin. Popular works of modern literature, such as "Winnie the Pooh" or the Harry Potter series of novels, are translated into Latin. Magazines are published that publish materials only or mainly in Latin, and there are news sites on the Internet. Live Latin speech can be heard even on regular radio stations in the FM range.

Latin promotes spiritual development, familiarization with European and world culture and science, trains the ability to think independently, and helps in learning other languages since it serves as a language model in general. Its grammatical structure is significantly more complex than that of new languages. Mastering Latin grammar requires serious mental effort and develops in a person thoroughness and endurance, consistency and systematic thinking, precision in details, and attention to their relationships, which are so necessary for a lawyer.

The Latin language is still an obligatory attribute of the legal profession today. Latin turned out to be an ideal language for legal understanding of reality because it is characterized by richness and strong brevity in images, and these properties are akin to the law itself. The more precisely and briefly its essence is formulated, the more perfect and effective the law is. Modern jurisprudence has absorbed, creatively reworking, the provisions of Roman law and its constructions that penetrated later legal systems, and the Latin language gave the law those terms and sayings that are used today and which form the basis of the international language of lawyers.

In Ancient Rome, a scientific approach to law was developed, a coherent system of concepts and definitions arose, and the science of law - jurisprudence - was systematized. The Romans introduced the distinction between property and obligatory legal relations and developed a doctrine on the methods of acquiring and protecting property rights. The concepts of property, possession, vindication, unjust enrichment, testamentary refusal, usufruct, management of other people's affairs without an order, tortious obligation, purchase and sale agreement, lease, loan, storage, and many others that appeared within the framework of the Roman law system have taken a strong place in the system of modern civil law.

The Roman lawyer Gaius, in the 2nd century AD, formulated a system of dividing law into three components, which is still relevant today: persons, things, and claims. The civil codes of many countries are based on this system, and the material in most modern textbooks on civil and Roman law follows it.

Understanding the basics of Roman law provides the key to studying the systems of private law in all countries, no matter what the legislation is at the present stage and no matter how it has changed in the future. You can master these Roman legal foundations only by studying the Latin language of the ancient Romans. Language is always closely connected with the thinking and worldview of its speaker: a Roman dealt with the law every day and could not help but understand it, not think legally. That is why, by studying Latin, future lawyers can better understand the meaning of Latin terms and expressions and penetrate the essence and spirit of the law.

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